Chios
The Mastic Island
Authors
George & Panagiotis - The Shiny Greece Team (feat. ai)
Chios Mastic | Photo by: ID 145465738, Chios © Esin Deniz, Dreamstime.com
Chios, the fifth-largest island in Greece, lies in the northern Aegean Sea, just a short distance from the coast of Asia Minor. Known as “the Mastic Island”, Chios is famous for producing mastiha, a unique resin harvested from the mastic trees that grow exclusively in its southern villages. This natural product, with protected designation of origin status, is not only the economic lifeblood of many local communities but also a cultural symbol of the island itself. The landscape of Chios is marked by contrasts - mountain ranges such as Pelineon and Epos dominate the north, while fertile plains and picturesque beaches line the coast. Its strategic position, fertile valleys, and rugged terrain have shaped a distinctive identity over centuries.
The people of Chios, or Chiots, have long been known for their maritime tradition. With limited arable land and a deep connection to the sea, many residents historically turned to seafaring and ship-owning. Their determination, business acumen, and courage at sea helped build a powerful merchant marine legacy that continues to be a source of pride today. This legacy is evident in the elegant neoclassical mansions scattered throughout the island, particularly in the Kampos area, and in the numerous nautical schools and institutions that continue to educate future generations of mariners.
The capital of the island, Chios Town - often referred to as Chora - is the administrative and cultural heart of the island. It lies on the eastern coast and is home to around 32,400 inhabitants. Chios Town is built around a large harbor and is anchored by a medieval castle that still preserves remnants from Venetian and Ottoman periods. The island’s built environment is a mosaic of architectural influences, from Genoese fortified villages like Mesta and Pyrgi to Byzantine monasteries such as the 11th-century monastery of Nea Moni, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Greece actually has a total of nineteen UNESCO World Heritage Sites you can visit when you travel to Greece or stay in the country via the Greece Golden Visa program. Whether one seeks rich cultural history, natural beauty, or authentic village life, Chios offers an immersive Greek island experience that feels both timeless and singular.
History
The history of Chios is a rich tapestry woven from myth, maritime power, and cultural resilience. Its proximity to the Ionian Peninsula of Asia Minor profoundly influenced its early development, and archaeological findings suggest that settlements existed on the island as early as 2000 B.C. The Chiots are thought to have Ionic origins, a lineage that connects them to one of the major Greek tribes and explains the island’s deep intellectual and artistic heritage. Among local traditions, Vrontados - just north of Chios Town - claims to be the birthplace of Homer. A nearby rocky outcrop, known as Daskalopetra or Teacher’s Rock, is believed by many to be the spot where the great poet taught his students, adding a layer of mythological reverence to the island’s past.
During classical antiquity, Chios flourished through maritime trade, thanks to its advantageous location and skilled seafarers. It became a member of the Delian League and participated in many of the political and military dynamics of ancient Greece. In the Roman period, Chios was especially valued for its mastic gum, a commodity that would continue to shape its destiny for centuries. The unique cultivation of this aromatic resin led to the creation of fortified medieval villages in the south, collectively known as Mastichochoria. These villages, such as Mesta, Pyrgi, and Olympi, were constructed between the 14th and 16th centuries by Genoese settlers. With narrow alleys, defensive gates, and towers, they were designed to protect their valuable crops from pirates and invaders.
Chios Windmills | Photo by: ID 142841264, Chios © Milan Gonda, Dreamstime.com
The island's strategic importance brought it under the control of various powers throughout the centuries - Byzantines, Genoese, and Ottomans - each leaving their imprint on Chios's culture, architecture, and society. One of the most tragic and defining events in the island’s history occurred during the Greek War of Independence in 1822. The Massacre of Chios, immortalized by Eugène Delacroix’s iconic painting "The Massacre at Chios", saw tens of thousands of civilians slaughtered or enslaved by Ottoman forces in retaliation for the island’s support of the Greek revolution. This atrocity shocked Europe and dramatically shifted global sentiment in favor of the Greek cause.
Despite this devastation, Chios rebuilt itself, maintaining its cultural pride and maritime prowess. The 19th and 20th centuries saw the rise of powerful shipping families from the island, whose global influence in trade and commerce remains strong to this day. However, the island suffered again in 1881, when a catastrophic earthquake destroyed much of Chios Town and significantly altered the urban landscape. Only fragments of the town’s earlier architectural character survived, but the resilience of the people ensured that the island continued to thrive.
Today, the history of Chios is ever-present. From the ancient ruins scattered across the landscape to the fortified medieval villages, Byzantine monasteries, and Ottoman-era castles, every corner of the island tells a story. It is a destination where past and present coexist, offering visitors a profound journey through the cultural and historical evolution of the Aegean.
Weather & Climate
Chios enjoys a typically temperate Mediterranean climate, making it an ideal destination for travelers seeking sunshine, mild winters, and long, dry summers. The island experiences an average of over 250 days of sunshine per year, creating excellent conditions for beach outings, cultural exploration, and nature excursions throughout most of the year. During the summer months, temperatures on Chios average around 27°C (80°F), with July and August being the hottest periods. The heat is usually moderated by sea breezes, especially along the coast, which keeps the climate pleasant rather than oppressive. Rainfall is scarce in summer, ensuring clear skies and uninterrupted days of sunshine for visitors.
Anavatos Village | Photo by: ID 104756562 © Milan Gonda, Dreamstime.com
In contrast, the winter season is mild, with average temperatures around 11°C (52°F). While rainfall is more common from November to February, it is usually moderate and rarely impacts travel plans significantly. Snowfall is very rare, especially in the coastal and lowland areas, though the island's northern mountainous regions may occasionally experience light snow. Spring and autumn are particularly attractive times to visit Chios, with comfortable temperatures, blooming landscapes, and fewer tourists. These shoulder seasons are perfect for hiking, exploring historic villages, and enjoying the island’s natural beauty at a slower pace.
Points of Interest
Chios is a captivating island that seamlessly blends natural beauty with cultural richness, offering visitors a wide range of fascinating places to explore. Whether you are drawn to medieval villages, religious landmarks, ancient ruins, or traditional seaside settlements, Chios is a destination that rewards curiosity with unforgettable discoveries.
One of the island’s most iconic highlights is Mesta, a perfectly preserved medieval settlement in the south of Chios. Built during the Genoese occupation in the 14th century, Mesta is a fortified village with an intricate maze of narrow stone alleyways, archways, and defensive towers. Walking through its passages is like stepping back in time to the Byzantine era. Not far away lies Pyrgi, another unique village, famous for its striking black-and-white geometric patterns - known as xysta - that adorn the facades of its houses. Colorful balconies and window shutters add to Pyrgi’s charm, making it feel like a village from a storybook. Nearby, Olympi completes the triad of the famed Mastichochoria, villages historically known for their cultivation of mastiha, the resin that has made Chios famous worldwide.
Mavra Volia Beach Chios | Photo by: ID 76622424, Chios © Tolgaildun, Dreamstime.com
In the heart of the island lies Anavatos, an abandoned medieval settlement perched dramatically on a steep hilltop. Often referred to as the “Mystras of the Aegean,” Anavatos is a hauntingly beautiful reminder of the past, with its stone tower-houses and commanding views of the rugged landscape. The village was largely depopulated after the Chios massacre in 1822, but its historical significance and evocative ruins continue to impress visitors.
Another crown jewel of Chios is the Monastery of Nea Moni, a UNESCO World Heritage Site located between the villages of Avgonyma and Karyes. Built in the 11th century with imperial funding from Byzantine Emperor Constantine IX Monomachos, the monastery was once a wealthy and influential religious center. Its mosaics are among the finest examples of Byzantine art in Greece, and though it suffered significant damage in both the 1822 massacre and the 1881 earthquake, it remains a powerful site of spiritual and historical importance.
In Chios Town (Chora), the island’s capital, you’ll find an atmospheric blend of old and new. The town is centered around its harbor and the imposing medieval castle, originally built during the Byzantine period and later fortified by the Genoese and Ottomans. Within the castle walls are traditional houses, narrow lanes, and the old Ottoman bathhouse. The town’s museums, such as the Byzantine Museum and Chios Mastic Museum, provide further insight into the island’s complex heritage. For literary enthusiasts, the suburb of Vrontados, just north of Chora, claims to be the birthplace of Homer. The site known as Daskalopetra or "Teacher’s Rock" is a large stone outcrop where legend says the poet once taught his students. The area also features stunning coastal views and is known for its peculiar Easter tradition of “rocket wars” between local churches.
In the southern region of Chios, you'll encounter charming fishing villages like Kataraktis and Nenita, perfect for a peaceful stroll or a seafood meal by the sea. The fertile plain of Kampos, meanwhile, showcases the island’s agricultural tradition with citrus groves and grand Genoese mansions hidden behind high stone walls. Wherever you go on Chios, the combination of historical depth and unspoiled beauty is sure to leave a lasting impression. Each village, monastery, castle, and ruin contributes to the island’s singular identity, offering travelers the opportunity to immerse themselves in centuries of culture shaped by trade, conquest, resilience, and faith.
Visit | Taste | Learn
Beaches
Chios boasts a diverse coastline adorned with an array of stunning beaches that cater to every type of traveler - whether you’re looking for dramatic volcanic landscapes, tranquil turquoise bays, or lively seaside villages. The island’s size and varied terrain result in a wide selection of coastal settings, from the wild and rugged to the serene and sandy.
Perhaps the most iconic of Chios’ beaches is Mavra Volia, located near the village of Emporios in the southern part of the island. Its name means “Black Pebbles” and it lives up to the title with its dark volcanic stones, the result of ancient eruptions from nearby Psaronas volcano. The contrast between the black pebbles and the deep blue Aegean waters is visually striking, offering a unique and unforgettable swimming experience. Despite its popularity, Mavra Volia retains a peaceful atmosphere, especially in the early morning or late afternoon.
Not far from Mavra Volia is Karfas Beach, the most developed and family-friendly beach on the island. With soft golden sand, shallow waters, and an abundance of amenities including sunbeds, tavernas, and water sports, Karfas is ideal for those who want comfort and convenience by the sea. Its location near Chios Town makes it a favorite among visitors staying in the capital.
For those seeking a more secluded and authentic experience, Vroulidia Beach, located in the south near the village of Olympi, is a hidden gem. This small cove, accessible via a steep, winding road, is surrounded by dramatic cliffs and features crystal-clear water perfect for snorkeling. Although facilities are minimal, the untouched beauty and peaceful setting are more than enough to reward the adventurous traveler.
Pyrgi Chios | Photo by: ID 26181716, Chios © Timwege, Dreamstime.com
In the northwestern region of Chios, Agia Markella Beach near Volissos is another standout. This long, pebbly beach is located beneath the monastery of the same name, which is one of the island’s most important religious sites. The beach is known for its invigorating waters and spiritual ambiance, especially during the annual pilgrimage on July 22nd, when many locals gather to honor the island's saint at the rock of Agia Markella. Lithi Beach, on the western coast, is a favorite among locals for its shallow, child-friendly waters and beautiful sunset views. The adjacent fishing village of Lithi offers excellent seafood tavernas where you can enjoy freshly grilled octopus and mastiha-flavored ouzo after your swim. Similarly, Komis Beach in the south is well-organized, with beach bars and restaurants, making it popular with younger crowds during the summer months.
In the northeastern part of Chios, Nagos Beach, surrounded by lush greenery and freshwater springs, is another tranquil spot with cool, deep waters and polished pebbles. The village of Nagos nearby offers small tavernas and traditional hospitality that reflect the quieter rhythm of northern Chios. For adventurous swimmers and divers, the island has countless hidden coves and rocky inlets waiting to be discovered. Some require hiking or boat access, rewarding explorers with solitude and untouched natural beauty. Chios’ beaches are not just places to sunbathe - they are gateways to experience the raw, elemental beauty of the Aegean. From dramatic black pebbles to soft sandy shores, from lively resorts to isolated retreats, Chios’ beaches reflect the island’s rich variety and timeless allure. No matter where you lay your towel, the sea here is always inviting - clean, clear, and endlessly blue.
Cuisine & Restaurants
The cuisine of Chios is deeply rooted in tradition and shaped by its fertile land, rich sea, and the unique presence of mastiha - the aromatic resin that gives the island its global culinary signature. Every bite of Chian food is a journey into centuries-old customs, where simplicity meets refinement and local ingredients shine. Chios’ gastronomy revolves around the Mediterranean diet, with generous use of olive oil, wild herbs, fresh vegetables, and of course, seafood freshly harvested from the surrounding Aegean waters. Among the most iconic local dishes is mastello, a slow-cooked goat or lamb stew infused with wine and seasoned with dill, often prepared in clay pots for village feasts and family gatherings. Another Chian favorite is sfougato, a baked omelette packed with zucchini, potatoes, and herbs, offering a light yet flavorful meal.
One cannot explore the island’s cuisine without tasting malathropita, a sweet pastry made with fennel and mastiha, and kordelia, a Chian take on stuffed grape leaves. For dessert, locals prepare mamoulia and masourakia, traditional pastries flavored with mastiha and nuts, often served during festive seasons. Mastiha also stars in drinks: mastiha liqueur is popular as a digestif, while souma, a local grape distillate, is enjoyed in social gatherings with meze. Chios' culinary identity is perhaps best experienced through its tavernas and restaurants, many of which offer stunning views and authentic flavors. In Chios Town, To Kechrimpari is renowned for blending tradition with creativity, offering dishes like seafood risotto with mastiha and lamb with citrus glaze. For a cozy, family-run experience, Kouroumpelo serves local comfort food in a rustic ambiance near the port.
Chios Mastic Museum | Photo by: ID 157689291, Chios © Michel Dreher, Dreamstime.com
Down in Karfas, the restaurant Gusto di Mare is a must for Italian food lovers. With a romantic setting and a menu featuring pizzas, spaghetti and excellent fried mastello, it’s perfect for a sunset dinner. Another seaside gem is Kyra Despina in Lithi Beach, where you can savor the catch of the day right by the water, accompanied by a glass of crisp local white wine. In the southern Mastihohoria, Pyxari in Komi serves up tasty village style meat and fish mezedes, with the best being giaourtlou and mastello salad. In Mesta, the picturesque To Mestousiko offers delicious food, such as vegan gemista, eggplants, rooster in wine sauce with rice, an excellent gyro plate, ensuring an authentic taste of rural Chios.
For those exploring the northern villages, Volissos has several hidden gems like Gia Ouzaki, a quaint ouzeri with incredible fried anchovies and homemade pickled vegetables. Meanwhile, in the mountain village of Avgonyma, Tο Petrino taverna offers hearty meals with a panoramic view over the island’s western coast - a perfect stop after a hike or a visit to the nearby Monastery of Nea Moni. Chios is also home to small-scale food producers who craft traditional goods like mastiha sweets, local cheeses, and jams. A visit to a mastiha workshop or a local distillery offers a deeper appreciation of the care that goes into preserving culinary heritage. Whether in a seaside eatery or a mountaintop taverna, every meal in Chios is an invitation to connect with the land, the sea, and the soul of the island.
Nightlife
Chios may be known for its tranquil villages and historic charm, but when the sun sets, the island reveals a vibrant and diverse nightlife scene. While it doesn’t have the party-centered reputation of Mykonos or Ios, Chios offers a more authentic and laid-back nighttime experience, with options ranging from cozy seaside bars and romantic wine terraces to lively beach clubs and modern cocktail spots. Most of the island’s nightlife is centered around Chios Town (Chora), where visitors can find an inviting mix of bar cafés, music lounges, and dance venues. Along the waterfront, especially near the main harbor, bars like Panselinos Roof Bar & Cafe and Kokkinos Vrahos are favorite gathering spots for both locals and tourists. These places blend stylish decor with a relaxed atmosphere, making them ideal for a chilled drink in the early evening. Many venues offer tables right next to the sea, where you can sip a mastiha-based cocktail while watching the harbor lights shimmer on the water.
As the night progresses, spots like Kubrick and Cube come to life with upbeat music, live music, DJ sets, themed nights, signature cocktails, and a youthful crowd that keeps the energy going well past midnight. For a slightly more alternative vibe, Kanela & Garyfallo is a cozy cocktail bar known for its creative drink menu and bohemian flair, often featuring live music sessions or acoustic performances. If you're in the mood for dancing, Central Club and Boom Club, located just outside of town, offer larger dance floors and a mix of Greek and international hits. They’re especially popular in the high summer season when the university crowd and young travelers fill the dance floors until the early hours.
Agios Isidoros Pantoukios | Photo by: ID 322308603, Chios © Emiralikokal, Dreamstime.com
Outside of Chora, in the southern villages, nightlife takes on a more traditional tone. Mesta and Pyrgi, while quiet, occasionally host summer festivals and panigyria (village feasts) where locals and visitors alike gather to dance, eat, and celebrate under the stars. These cultural gatherings offer a unique chance to experience the communal joy of island life through music and traditional rhythms. For a more serene evening, head to Avgonyma, where tavernas double as low-key night spots. Here, under the pine trees and starry skies, you can enjoy a glass of souma or local wine with soft Greek music in the background. It’s the kind of setting that doesn’t call for loud beats but leaves you feeling spiritually uplifted. While Chios doesn’t boast flashy nightlife, what it offers is genuine. Whether you're looking to dance until dawn, sip cocktails by the sea, or enjoy a live music night in a charming courtyard, the island’s nightlife promises memorable evenings that complement its authentic soul.
Hotels
Chios offers a delightful range of accommodation options that reflect the island’s diverse character - historical, elegant, rustic, and coastal. Whether visitors seek a luxurious escape in a restored mansion, a comfortable beachfront stay, or a traditional guesthouse nestled in a medieval village, the island caters to all preferences while preserving its authentic charm. For those desiring luxury wrapped in history, Argentikon Luxury Suites in Kambos stands out as an architectural jewel. Housed in a restored Genoese estate, this boutique hotel is a monument to Chios' aristocratic past. Surrounded by citrus orchards and fragrant gardens, it offers personalized service, elegantly appointed suites with antique furniture, and an atmosphere of peaceful seclusion. The estate's noble character and tranquil beauty make it ideal for romantic retreats or travelers seeking privacy and refinement.
Another top choice close to Chios Town is the Grecian Castle Hotel. Just a few minutes from the harbor, this neoclassical-style hotel offers modern comforts with traditional touches. Its stone-built facade and courtyard pool create a welcoming atmosphere, while the spacious rooms and attentive hospitality ensure a comfortable stay. Guests appreciate its proximity to both the bustling town center and the quieter neighborhoods of Vrontados and Kambos. For visitors looking for a more home-like experience by the sea, Monolia Maisonettes in Agia Ermioni provides cozy self-catering accommodations with stunning views of the Aegean. These well-equipped maisonettes are ideal for families or groups of friends seeking independence, with balconies overlooking the sea, easy access to quiet beaches, and warm island hospitality from the owners.
Agia Dynami Beach Chios | Photo by: ID 135999763, Chios © Costas1962, Dreamstime.com
In the heart of the citrus-growing Kambos area, Mouzalikon Traditional Hotel offers an immersion into Chios' cultural soul. Set in a beautifully preserved 19th-century mansion, the hotel combines stone walls, wooden ceilings, and vintage décor with modern amenities. The lush garden and aromatic orange groves surrounding the property make it a serene oasis for those wishing to unwind in nature and tradition. In the beach resort area of Karfas, you’ll find a variety of mid-range and budget-friendly hotels, including Golden Sand Hotel and Erytha Hotel & Resort, both of which offer direct access to the sea, pools, and family-friendly services. These are excellent choices for travelers who prioritize convenience and recreation during their stay.
For something truly atmospheric, consider staying in the medieval village of Mesta. Here, charming guesthouses such as Lida Mary and Medieval Castle offer accommodation within restored stone buildings, letting guests sleep within centuries-old walls. The narrow, labyrinthine streets and rustic architecture create a unique experience - like stepping back in time while enjoying modern comfort. Adventurous souls or digital nomads may opt for more offbeat stays in northern villages like Volissos, where boutique hotels and eco-retreats offer both authenticity and serenity. Lithos Homes, a complex of restored stone houses with panoramic views, is a perfect example of sustainable luxury in a lesser-known part of the island. Ultimately, Chios welcomes its visitors with a blend of elegance, tradition, and heartfelt hospitality. Whether you sleep in a Genoese estate, a beach resort, or a medieval tower, the accommodations on the island serve not just as places to rest - but as gateways to explore the island's unique history, culture, and beauty.
Getting There
Reaching Chios is relatively simple, with several travel options available to suit different schedules and preferences. The island is accessible both by air and sea, with connections to mainland Greece and other Aegean destinations. Chios Island National Airport (JKH), located just 3 kilometers south of Chios Town, serves as the primary gateway for air travelers. Daily flights connect Chios to Athens, with a flight duration of approximately 50 minutes. During the summer months, there are also seasonal connections to Thessaloniki, as well as charter flights from international destinations. The airport is compact and efficient, providing travelers with quick access to car rentals and taxi services.
Mesta Chios | Photo by: ID 136111023, Chios © Costas1962, Dreamstime.com
For those who prefer sea travel, ferries operate regularly between Chios and the port of Piraeus in Athens. The ferry journey typically lasts around 7 to 9 hours, depending on the vessel and route. Overnight ferries are popular and allow travelers to wake up refreshed upon arrival. There are also ferry links to other Aegean islands, including Lesvos and Samos, making Chios an ideal stop for island-hopping or cross-border excursions. Whether you choose the convenience of flying or the scenic charm of sailing, getting to Chios is part of the journey - and one that prepares you for the beauty, culture, and authenticity the island has to offer.
Chios in Greece
Cultural Heritage
Rural Experiences
Closing
Chios is an island that lingers in the heart long after the journey ends. With its fascinating blend of history, natural beauty, and living traditions, it offers a travel experience unlike any other in Greece. From the captivating architecture of its medieval villages and the soul-stirring memories etched in places like Anavatos and Nea Moni, to the intoxicating scent of mastic in the southern fields and the glistening waters along its volcanic beaches - Chios is a place where every path tells a story, and every moment deepens your connection to the land. This is not a destination of mass tourism, but rather one of authenticity. The people are as resilient and generous as the island itself, shaped by centuries of trade, hardship, and cultural wealth. Their warm hospitality welcomes each visitor not as a stranger, but as a guest in a living tapestry of history and nature.
Nea Moni Monastery Chios | Photo by: ID 322312262, Chios © Emiralikokal, Dreamstime.com
Whether you seek adventure, quiet contemplation, culinary exploration, or a deeper understanding of Greece’s spirit, Chios responds with quiet elegance and profound substance. It is a place to discover - not just for what it offers, but for how it makes you feel. In every sun-drenched village square, every ancient monastery, and every wave that laps its shores, Chios invites you to slow down, take in the view, and let the island speak to your soul. So, when planning your next escape to the Greek islands, think beyond the usual destinations. Come to Chios - and let it surprise you, enchant you, and stay with you, always.